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ABSTRACT Introduction The gastrointestinal lymphoma can be classified in primary or secondary, and this is important regarding diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma of the rectum is rare and therefore lacks data in medical literature. Its incidence has been increasing and that fact may be related to a higher incidence in immunosuppressive therapy and immunosuppressive diseases (such as AIDS). Metodology 19 articles have been reviewed, searched online on the Scielo and PubMed databases. The goal was to increase data available regarding this pathology and improve its therapy. Discussion Primary GI lymphoma of the rectum presents as hematochezia, rectal pain, change in bowel habits. PET/CT is the first choice exam to pursue investigation; however abdominal CT and MRI reveal sufficient information and are much more available in daily practice. Plasmablastyc lymphoma is an aggressive subtype and is usually associated with AIDS patients. There are no available treatment protocols for this specific type of lymphoma and colonic lymphoma's therapy is usually used for this patient (such as ECHOP and CHOP). Conclusion As rare as this pathology is, this article aims to improve the available data and provide useful information regarding diagnosis and therapy.
RESUMO Introdução O linfoma do TGI pode ser dividido entre primário e secundário, com importância diagnóstica e terapêutica. O linfoma primário de reto é patologia rara, pouco relatada em literatura médica. Sua incidência tem aumentado e possivelmente esse fenômeno esteja associado ao aumento no numero de pacientes com imunossupressão (seja por SIDA ou drogas imunossupressoras). Metodologia Foram revisados 19 artigos nas bases de dados Scielo e PubMed, com o objetivo de aumentar o número de relatos dessa patologia e consequentemente expandir o conhecimento disponível, visando melhorar a terapêutica e, principalmente, o diagnóstico desse tipo de linfoma. Discussão Quando o linfoma tem seu sítio primário no reto, as principais manifestações são sangramento, dor retal, tenesmo e mudança nos hábitos intestinais (diarreia ou constipação). O exame de investigação de escolha é o PET/CT, porém a TC e RNM fornecem as informações necessárias e são mais disponíveis na prática clínica. O linfoma plasmablástico é um subtipo bastante agressivo e associado aos pacientes com SIDA. Não existem ainda protocolos definidos para o tratamento do linfoma primário de reto, sendo optado por seguir a mesma terapêutica dos linfomas de cólon com esquemas EPOCH e CHOP. Conclusão Por se tratar de patologia rara e pouco descrita na literatura, espera-se que este relato contribua na formação de protocolos de tratamento específicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Rectum/pathology , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related , Lymphoma/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Lymphoma/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Resumen La angina mesentérica es un síndrome causado por la inadecuada perfusión sanguínea por parte de los vasos mesentéricos, que resulta en isquemia y a la larga en gangrena de la pared intestinal. Aunque relativamente poco frecuente, es un padecimiento potencialmente mortal. Reportamos un caso de isquemia mesentérica que inició con plenitud, dolor posprandial temprano, distensión abdominal y pérdida de peso en un paciente previamente diagnosticado y tratado de linfoma de colon y adenocarcinoma prostático.
Abstract Mesenteric angina is a syndrome caused by inadequate perfusion from the mesenteric vessels, resulting in ischemia and eventually gut necrosis. Although relatively rare, it is a potential deadly condition. We report a case of mesenteric ischemia which began with bloating, postprandial pain and weight loss on a patient previously diagnosed and treated from colonic lymphoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Linfoma anaplásico de grandes células é um tipo raro de linfoma não-Hodgkin (LNH) originado de linfócitos T maduros. O diagnóstico é feito a partir de quadro morfológico típico e de um imunofenótipo de células T positivo para CD30. As lesões gastrintestinais são os tipos mais comum de linfomas extranodais primários, representando cerca de 5% a 10% de todos os LNH, sendo mais comum no fenótipo de células B. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso com envolvimento primário do cólon, evoluindo rapidamente para a fase terminal, com falência múltipla de órgãos e sistemas. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 50 anos, admitido no serviço de Clínica Médica do Hospital Santa Casa do Rio Grande (ACSCRG) com história de dor abdominal inespecífica há dois meses. Havia realizado endoscopia digestiva alta e recebeu tratamento, ao final do qual desenvolveu lesões cutâneas eritematosas difusas, que motivaram sua admissão para investigação.Febril, com abdômen levemente distendido e fígado palpável. Na videocolonoscopia identificou-se placas arredondadas de mucosa escurecida com 4 a 6 mm em meio à mucosa normal, estendendo-se até o íleo terminal. CONCLUSÃO: O linfoma anaplásico de grandes células é raro e infrequente em descrições e revisões. Tipo raro de LNH apresenta-se com comportamento agressivo, em estágio avançado e frequentemente com localização extranodal. A localização gástrica é a mais encontrada, seguida pelo intestino delgado.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma originated from mature T lymphocytes. The diagnosis is made from the recognition of typical morphological features and a CD30-positive T-cell immunophenotype. The gastrointestinal lesions are the most common type of primary extranodal lymphomas, accounting for about 5% to 10% of all NHLs, being more common in B-cell phenotype. The purpose of this report describes a case with primary involvement of the colon, rapidly progressing to the terminal phase, with the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man admitted to the Internal Medicine ward at the, Hospital Santa Casa do Rio Grande (ACSCRG) with a history of nonspecific abdominal pain for two months. Endoscopy had been undertaken and he received treatment, at the end of which he developed diffuse erythematous skin lesions, which motivated admission for investigation. Investigation,feverish, with slightly distended abdomen and palpable liver. Through colonoscopy it was identified rounded plaques of darkened mucosal with 4 to 6 mm among the of normal mucosa, extending to the terminal ileum. CONCLUSION: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is rare and infrequent in descriptions and reviews. Rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), this disease presents itself with an aggressive course, advanced stage, and often extranodal location. The gastric location is the most common, followed by the small intestine.
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Gastrointestinal Tract , Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic , Colonic Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
O linfoma colorretal primário é uma doença rara (0.2 a 0.6 por cento de todas as neoplasias colônicas), apresentando pior prognóstico quando comparado com o linfoma gástrico primário ou com o adenocarcinoma do cólon. É uma doença com sintomatologia inespecífica, o que dificulta o diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo deste relato é mostrar um caso de linfoma primário do cólon, revisar critérios diagnósticos e tratamento.
The primary colorectal lymphoma is a rare disease (0.2 to 0.6 percent of all colonic neoplasias), that has a worse prognosis than primary gastric lymphoma or colon adenocarcinoma. The poor signals makes the early diagnosis difficult. The objectives of this report is to describe a case of primary colon lymphoma, revise diagnosis criteria and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymphoma , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas are quite rare with the stomach and small bowel being the most frequent site. Colon involvement is observed in only 10~20% of all gastrointestinal lymphomas. A colonic lymphoma presents with non-specific abdominal pain, weight loss, a change in bowel habits, bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intussusception and a palpable mass. A colonic lymphoma can be indicated using a barium enema, abdominal CT and colonoscopy. The correct diagnosis is obtained by a colonoscopic biopsy. We report a case of primary colonic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis and a right pleural effusion.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain , Barium , Biopsy , Carcinoma , Colon , Colonoscopy , Diagnosis , Enema , Hemorrhage , Intestinal Obstruction , Intussusception , Lymphoma , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Pleural Effusion , Stomach , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Weight LossABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Primary colonic lymphomas are very rare disorders and the most common location of a colonic lymphoma is the cecum. However, the prognosis for patients with a primary cecal lymphoma is not well understood clear. This study was undertaken to assess the prognosis for patients with a primary cecal lymphoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of our patients, who were categorized into two groups, cecal lymphoma (10 cases) and non-cecal lymphoma (10 cases), was performed from January 1985 to December 2001. The prognostic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms and signs of cecal lymphomas were abdominal pain (80.0%), nausea/ vomiting (80.0%), and abdominal mass (40.0%). The preoperative biopsy- proven diagnostic rate of cecal lymphoma was 10.0%. The mean size of cecal lymphomas was significantly smaller than that of non-cecal lymphomas (6.2 cm vs. 10.0 cm). Histologically, 9 (90.0%) of the primary cecal lymphomas were classified as intermediate-grade lymphoas, and 1 (10.0%) as a high-grade lymphoma. three (30.0%) of the cecal lymphomas were Stage IE, 5 (50.0%) were Stage IIE1, and 2 (20.0%) were Stage IVE. Tumor resection and chemotherapy was used for 8 (80.0%) of the cecal lymphomas. Two regimens of chemotherapy were used: CHEP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and epirubicin, prednisone, and bleomycin) and COP-BLAM (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin, doxorubicin, procarbazine). The median survival time for patients with a cecal lymphoma was 56 months, but that survival time was not significantly different from the survival time for patients with non-cecal lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for patients with a primary cecal lymphoma appears to be similar to that for patients with a non-cecal lymphoma. However, the number cases in our study was very small, the more cases are needed to establish a general prognosis for patients with a primary cecal lymphoma.